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  7. Part 2: The rocky road to fair chocolate

8. March 2022

Part 2: The rocky road to fair chocolate

Cocoa is too cheap for family farmers with limited land and low yields. We have a plan to change that.

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70 per cent of the world's cocoa comes from West Africa. The majority of this cocoa is produced by millions of family farmers with small plots of land and low yields. For example, the cocoa producers we work with in Togo cultivate around 1.5 hectares of land with yields of just under 400 kilos per hectare. Given these conditions, it is impossible to earn a living wage at the current price of cocoa – even fair trade prices.

For this reason, organisations like Fairtrade International and Max Havelaar Switzerland recently introduced the Fairtrade Living Income Reference Price, which is a price that would allow these family farmers to earn enough to live on.

But even if the market were to adhere to this price, it still wouldn't be enough. This is because the reference price is based on about four hectares of farmland per family and yields of up to 800 kilos per hectare. These figures are not realistic – not for our partners in Togo and probably not for most family farmers in West Africa.

According to our own calculations, the cocoa price would need to be about double the current market price to make a meaningful difference to the lives of family farmers. The problem is that no one would by such expensive cocoa wholesale.

We're paying the right price, but...

In 2021, we applied our gebana model to the family farmers who supply us with cocoa. This means that in addition to the organic and fair trade prices, they also receive 10 per cent of our chocolate sales. Essentially, we end up paying them twice the market price. In theory.

Why in theory? Every year we purchase several hundred tonnes of cocoa from over 500 organic-certified family farmers in Togo. But only a fraction of this cocoa is processed into chocolate, which we then sell through our online shop. We sell the remaining cocoa wholesale. Despite this, we pay out the revenue share to all families and not just a select few. So in 2021, each family only received about 40 Swiss francs. To put this into perspective, the national minimum wage in Togo is currently around 56 francs per month. So our gebana model is little more than a drop in the ocean in Togo.

Sie zahlen den richtigen Preis, aber ...

Im Jahr 2021 haben wir die Bauernfamilien, die uns mit Kakao beliefern, in unser gebana Modell aufgenommen. Das bedeutet, dass sie zusätzlich zum Bio- und Fair-Trade-Preis 10 Prozent unseres Schokoladenumsatzes bekommen. Unter dem Strich zahlen wir ihnen so theoretisch den zweifachen Marktpreis.

Warum nur theoretisch? Wir kaufen pro Jahr mehrere hundert Tonnen Kakao von über 500 bio-zertifizierten Bauernfamilien in Togo ein. Wir verarbeiten aber nur einen Bruchteil dieses Kakaos zu Schokolade, die wir über unseren Online-Shop verkaufen. Den restlichen Kakao setzen wir im Grosshandel ab. Die Umsatzbeteiligung zahlen wir trotzdem an alle Familien aus und nicht nur einer ausgewählten Gruppe. 2021 kamen deshalb pro Familie nur etwa 40 Franken zusammen. Zum Vergleich: Der nationale Mindestlohn in Togo liegt derzeit bei rund 56 Franken pro Monat. Das gebana Modell ist in Togo also kaum mehr als ein Tropfen auf den heissen Stein.

Wir sind abhängig vom Grosshandel

Damit wir mit dem gebana Modell in Togo wirklich etwas bewirken können, müssen wir also viel mehr Schokolade verkaufen. Oder den Grosshandel miteinbeziehen. Im Januar haben wir deshalb unsere Grosskunden an den Tisch geholt und ihnen erklärt, dass unsere Bio- und Fair-Trade-Preise nicht existenzsichernd sind. Nicht für die togolesischen Bauernfamilien mit ihren 1.5 Hektar Land und 400 Kilo Ertrag pro Hektar. Wir forderten die Grosskunden deshalb auf, schrittweise höhere Preise zu zahlen. Wir geben jeden Rappen dieser Preiserhöhung vollständig an die Bauernfamilien weiter.

Gemeinsam wollen wir so auf die Probleme im Kakaohandel aufmerksam machen und einen Preis erreichen, der auch bei kleinen Anbauflächen und kleinen Erträgen ein existenzsicherndes Einkommen ermöglicht. Wenn es uns dabei gelingt, weitere Akteure im Markt auf unseren Weg zu bringen, wäre das eine Pionierleistung. Eine, die das Leben von hunderten Bauernfamilien verändert und vielleicht eines Tages eine Referenz wird.

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